Recombination occurs through the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes. Since current members are in the process recombining ideas, they are in the middle of crossing over, hence the name Crossovers. (not to be mistaken with AI's killa crossover)
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Seg dups are low copy repeat sequences that are >90% identical over >1kb of sequence. These highly homologous sequences act as substrates for recombination events and represent hotspots of recombination. Since one is generally able to recombine ideas more readily when you are younger, the youthful people in the lab represent seg dups. (Image is taken from Vollger et al. Science 2022)
These are specific DNA sequences that are recognized by recombinases, such as Cre recognizing lox sites, Flp and FRT sites, Dre and rox sites, etc. Recombination of these sites is efficient and specific. As trainees advance in their career, they become more specialized and focus on a single area of interest so RRSs represent post-graduate/middle-age trainees. (Image from Olorunniji et al. Biochem J. 2016)
Balancer chromosomes classically have 3 important features:
1) they contain a dominant marker so you can track their presence by a phenotype
2) they are homozygous lethal (this is generally true) so having two copies induces lethality
3) they have undergone so many chromosomal rearrangements/recombination events, they no longer undergo meiotic recombination with their homologous chromosome
These features are a great description of older people in science.
Image from Schwartz and Sternberg TiGs 2018
Recombinants
Recombinants
The final product of the recombination process, which represents lab alumni.
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